Melatonin is a natural hormone that our body releases after the onset of darkness. It makes people feel sleepy and it helps to regulate the body’s circadian rhythm.

Melatonin is licensed for the treatment of jet lag and it has been found to be particularly effective in those travelling eastwards.

It can also be used short-term in people aged 55 and over, who find it difficult to get to, or to stay, asleep.

The usual dose is one 3mg tablet to be taken by mouth after food, 1 to 2 hours before bedtime. Tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not chew or crush.

It should not be taken before 8pm or after 4am in the time zone that you are in and should not be taken for more than 5 days in a row.

If one tablet is ineffective, the dose can be increased to a maximum of two 3mg tablets (6mg).

Side effects with melatonin are uncommon.

Melatonin can cause drowsiness, so it is important not to drive or operate machinery within 8 hours of taking it.

Recent studies have suggested melatonin may increase the risk of falls, accidents, memory disturbance, dependence and withdrawal symptoms and an increased risk of dementia.

In addition, melatonin can cause anxiety, fatigue, dry mouth, abdominal discomfort, a rise in blood pressure and mood changes.

Very rarely, melatonin has been associated with aggression, muscle complaints, seizures, urinary problems and vomiting.

Always read the label of any medication that you take and only take according to the instructions provided. Do not exceed the stated dose.

Always read the patient information leaflet before commencing treatment.